Medical treatment with nanobots in the body promises a variety of new possibilities: from immune system support via infection treatment to early cancer detection. The smallest devices, nanobots, are used: these robots are only a few microns in size, allowing them to move flexibly in the body.

One advantage of nanobots is their locality: they can act very precisely at a certain point in the body without burdening the rest of the system. However, their size is also challenging because a single nanobot can only have very limited capabilities, both technical and physical. Therefore, nanobots must work together to accomplish large tasks.

There are two key techniques for physical messaging at the nanoscale. Radio communications can be made with carbon nanotubes that operate in the terahertz range. Alternatively, nanobots can communicate by exchanging molecules, analogous to body cells that are about the same size as nanobots.

The structure of nanowires is also different from macroscopic networks. Since all nanobots are limited in their performance, there is no backbone structure available. As a result, no hierarchical messaging as it is realized on the Internet, is possible. In addition, the nanobots are constantly in motion relative to each other, for example, by changing the position within the body. So connections are only possible for a short time and spontaneously.

Many problems of telematics are therefore unsolved for nanonetworks:

- How are nanobots addressed? Can nanobots be addressed individually?
- According to which guidelines are messages transmitted in nanonetworks?
- Can messaging be carried out lossless?
- What throughput and what delays are possible?
- How many resources of nanobots are needed for routing? Which methods are possible with Nanbots?
- How can routing other requirements like e.g. consider energy saving?
- What influence does a nanonetwork have on the body in which it is used?